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Rift Valley Fever

Rift Valley fever phlebovirus

Gn & Gc SpikesL, M, S Segment…Lipid Envelope

Description

An arbovirus that primarily affects animals but can cause severe disease in humans, often linked to heavy rainfall.

TypePhenuiviridae

ShapeSpherical enveloped

Size80 – 120 nm

GenomeSegmented single-stranded RNA

Discovered1931

Mortality<1% for mild, up to 50% for hemorrhagic

Discovery

Discovered in 1931 by Daubney and Hudson (Kenya)

Transmission

Mosquitoes, contact with infected livestock blood/milk

Symptoms

FeverLiver abnormalitiesEye disease (blindness)Hemorrhagic fever

💊 Treatment / Medicine

Supportive care

🛡️ Prevention

Mosquito control, livestock vaccination

💡

RVF can remain dormant in mosquito eggs for years, only to hatch when heavy rains flood the area!

Structural Components

Gn & Gc Spikes

Forms a dense fringe on the envelope

L, M, S Segments

Three RNA segments for replication

Lipid Envelope

Acquired from the host cell

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